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In a blood stem cell transplant, blood stem cells from a donor are put into your body through a central line. Blood stem cells are collected from three places:

• bone marrow
• peripheral blood
• umbilical cord blood

When the donated cells are in your body, they go through your bloodstream and into the bone marrow. In the bone marrow, they help create new, healthy blood cells. Blood stem cell transplant is also called allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, HSCT, or HCT.

EBV is one of the most common viruses that people can get. It is also known as human herpesvirus. Most adults will have had an EBV infection and carry EBV without any symptoms. EBV may cause symptoms in people with a weakened immune system.

• Epstein‑Barr virus (EBV) active state: When EBV is in its active state, it can make many copies of itself and spread. The active state is also called the lytic phase.
• Epstein‑Barr virus (EBV) dormant state: When EBV is in its dormant state, it does not make copies of itself and spread. It hides inside B cells and can cause them to multiply abnormally. T cells keep these B cells under control. EBV in its dormant state is harder for the immune system to detect and get rid of. This is how EBV can stay in the body without causing symptoms. EBV in its dormant state may become active again if the immune system is weakened. The dormant state is also called the latent phase.

Graft-versus-host disease is when the donor's immune cells from the transplant attack your own body cells. Immunosuppressants must be taken to prevent this.

Immunophenotyping is a lab test that tells white blood cells apart by the features or 'markers' on their surface. The results help doctors diagnose diseases like lymphomas and PTLDs. The test is done on tissue samples, like blood and bone marrow.

Lymphocytes are white blood cells. They are a part of your immune system. There are three main types: T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Each type of lymphocyte protects your body from infections and diseases in its own way.

Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that begins in your lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. There are two main types of lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Certain lymphomas that appear after a transplant are considered PTLDs.

PTLD stands for:

• Post
• Transplant
• Lymphoproliferative
• Disease or Disorder

'Lympho' refers to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell and 'Proliferative' means growing or multiplying quickly.
PTLD is when your lymphocytes grow out of control after a transplant. It can develop in anyone taking immunosuppressants after a transplant.
PTLD is a group of diseases. It includes certain kinds of growths and lymphomas. PTLD can become life-threatening. It needs to be brought up to the transplant team so they can diagnose and treat it quickly.
PTLD is often linked to the Epstein‑Barr virus (EBV). If there is a link, it’s called EBV‑positive PTLD. If there is no link, it’s called EBV‑negative PTLD.

In a solid organ transplant (also called SOT), a whole or part of a healthy organ from a donor is put into your body.
The organs that can be transplanted are: kidney, liver, heart, lung, intestines and pancreas.
A multi-organ transplant is when more than one organ is transplanted.

T-cell removal is the process of removing or reducing T cells from donor grafts in blood stem cell transplant. It is done to lower the chances of GvHD. T-cell removal is also called T-cell depletion.

Transplant rejection is when your immune system attacks the donor tissues or cells. Immunosuppressants must be taken to prevent this.

White blood cells are a part of your immune system. There are different types of white blood cells: granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes and lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and NK cells). Each type of white blood cell protects your body from infections and diseases in its own way.